YouTube's URL structure evolved over 15+ years with the platform, leaving behind layers of legacy formats alongside modern conventions. The result is that the same video can be accessed through radically different URLs, each with subtly different meanings.
The Multiple Ways to Access the Same Video
Take a single video. Here are all the legitimate ways you can link to it:
Standard long format: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ Standard without www: https://youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ Shortened format: https://youtu.be/dQw4w9WgXcQ With timestamp (125 seconds in): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&t=125s With alternative timestamp format: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&t=2m5s With playlist context: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&list=PLxxxxxxxxxxxxx With playlist position: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&list=PLxxxxxxxxxxxxx&index=5 With playlist context AND timestamp: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&t=125s&list=PLxxxxxxxxxxxxx&index=5 Mobile format: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ Embedded format: https://www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ With tracking parameters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&pp=iQIBIAEYASoDCJ...
All of these point to the same video. But they look completely different. A casual URL-reader can't tell if they're equivalent or pointing to different things.